Art of making compound ingots.



Patented Dec. 12, I899.

S A CUSGRAVE ART OF BEARING GUMPOUND INGGTS.

2Sheets Sheet I FIG].

. IEIVENTOR, .5 I (1.6m;

No. 6383961. Patented Dec. 12, I899 S A CDSGRAVE ART OF MAKING COMPOUNDINGOTS.

(Application filed pr 29, 1899) 2 Sheets Shegi 2.

(No Model.)

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SYLVESTER QOSGRAVE, OF EDGEWOOD PARI ,'PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO h'lARll B. COSGRAVE, OF SAME PLACE, AND AARON FRENCH AND MARGARET L.PATTERSON, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

ART o MAKiNe COMPOUND lNGUTS.

v SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 638,961, datedDecember 12, 1899:.

Application filed hpril 29, 1899. Serial No. 714.952. (No specimens.)

To all It'll-07211 it may concern:

Be it known that I, SYLvEs'rnR A. Cos GRAVE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Edgewood Park, in the county of Allegheny and Stateof Pennsylvania, have inventedor discovered certain new and usefulImprovements in the .Manufactureof Comound ingots, of which improvementsthe folowing is a specification.

certain improvements in the manufacture of compound ingots or billets-21e., those consisting of two grades or kinds of metal, as hard and softsteel. The method now in gen- I 5 eral use consistsin dividing the ingotor billet mold by a thin sheet-metal-partition and pouring the two kindsor grades of metalon oppositesides of the partition. By contact with thehot metal the partition is either meltno eda nd so becomes incorporatedwith the molten metals and permits the two bodies of metal to cometogether and unite or the partition becomes heated to a welding heat andthe two bodies of metal unite with the surfaces of the... 2 5 partition.

This method will produce a close union between the two bodies of metal,but

not a welding or intimate knitting oi the two This failure to weld isbelievedto be 5 then pouring the other metal on the prepared surface. Inthese methods the flux does. not penetrate below the surface of thefirst metal, but simply acts to remove the surface oxid, which wouldprevent the adherence of the two It is characteristic of the. metalsabove described that the two metalssimply adheretogetlier and thatneither of them in anyway affects the chemical or physical char-.acteristics of the other, but that each, 'even at 5 the plane ofadherence, has the same chemical and physical characteristicsas atpoints distaut from the plane of adherence. been attempted to producecompound ingots by casting one of the metals in a. suitable 5o mold,then immediately exposing or uncover- The invention described hereinrelates to .hollow ingot filled with metal.

It has also metal thereon. Although the metal first cast may a pear tobe still molten, there will be thereon a thin skin which will pre- 7forms vent-the complete welding of'the two metals. While either of thesemethods will produce an adhesion of the two metals which will besoilicient where the articles are not subjected to excessive strains,they will not produce such a welding oramalgarnation of the two metalsas is necessaryto preclude the possibility of one metal being removedfrom the other under violent shocks.

The object of the present invention is to prevent the elemental changeproduced in the portions'of the bodies of metal in'contact with thepartition, whereby a weld or amalgama tion of the adjacent portions ofthe two bodies is prevented in the practice of the old methods, or incase such elemental change is produced to provide for the elimination ofthe changed portions. i

It, is a further object of the invention to bring the two metalstogether under such conditions that the chemical and physical c anacteristicsof both metals at and adjace....to the plane of mixture ontin-ion will be changed,

' ing one surface ihereoi, and casting the other the characteristics ofone metal being modified or chau ged by the other. The invention ishereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part 0E this specification,Figure 1 is'a sectional elevation of. an ingot-mold having a hollowingot cast therein and showing the core in position. Fig. 2 is asectional plan view of the, same. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1,the core being removed and the Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of thesame. sectional elevation of an ingot-mold having a transverse partitioncoated on one face with a finxing material, one chamber of the moldbeing filled with metal. Fig. i -is a sectional plan view ofthe same.Fig-7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, the partition being removed and theother portion of the mold filled with metal.

in the practice of my invention one of themetals to be united is cast ina suitable moid and the surface to which the other metal is to be unitedis thoroughly fluxcd by the appl-ication thereto of silica or any othersuitconditions of heat-i. 0., while the metal ad;

.iacent to the portion to be fluxed is in a molten condition-that thefluxingaction will penetrate to a suitable depth, so as to insure theincorporation of the two metals one with the other. It is preferred thatan amount of flux in excess of that required to cleanse and prepare thesurface of metal first cast should be applied thereto, so that theportion of the second metal in cont-act with the flux'ed surface mayalso be cleansed and liquefied, so as to promoteor facilitate'theamalgamation or union of the two metals. The fluxing or preparation ofthe metal is effected at-the time of casting of the first body'ofthemold. This can be done by forming that portion of the mold serving asthe matrix of the surface to which the other metal'is to be'united of afluxing material, as sand, or coating such matrix portion with a fluxingmaterial. Then the molten metal is poured into such a mold, the metal incontact with-the fiuxing material will be so acted on by the materialthat if the other metal b e poured on such prepared su face while thelatter is at a welding temperature the two metals will become thoroughlyintermingled or amalgamated. This method is especiallyeifective in'uniting two grades of steel, as this metal when sufficiently molten tocast will penetrate a considerable depth into the walls of the mold, sothat the lluxing material becomesembedded in the steel and willtherefore afiect the latter to a greater depth than is practicallypossible when the iluxing material is applied to the surface after the.metal has been cast. By this methodi. e., the incorporation of thefluxing material in the metal-a perfect weldingot two bodies of metalcan be effected, even it the body first cast be allowed tocool below awelding temperature, provided itbe raised to or approximately to awelding temperature before the second body of metal is cast thereon. Thepossibilityof forming a-perfect weld under such conditions is due to thefact that the fluxing material forms-a protective coating over thesurface, tendingto prevent any material oxidation,-or it oxidationshould occur the presence'of the flux will elfect a re-' m oval orseparation of the oxid when the body of metal is heated as described,and also to the fact that flux penetrating, as it does, un-

so fluid and free from oxid for a considerable.

depth that the two metals will be thoroughly intermingled and thechemical and physical characteristics of each will be greatly modified,and, further, this method insures the presence ot'an. amount of flux inexcess of that required to flux the surface of the first body-of metal.stated, have a beneficial effect in promoting welding on the secondmetal. of the weld or connection thus formed is evidenced by the factthat if the two metals are diiferent in kind or quality, as high and lowcarbon steel, the metal adjacent to the plane of weld willdilferas, forexample, in car bon contentfrom both the-metals united, thus showing anamalgamation of the metals at the plane of weld, whereas there is asharp line of demarcation when twobodies of metal are united under theold practice.

A convenient means for the practice of the invention is shown in Figs. 1to 4, inclusive,

This excess will, as before The character and consists of placing a corel'in the mold '2, pouring one of the metals into the mold,

removing the core, and then filling the chamber thus formed withtheother metal. The

core is forin'ed'of or coated with a suitable,

fluxing materiah' Another method of practicing the invention consists individing the mold 2 into two or morecompartments by one or moretransverse partitions 3, formed of or haying one of its .faces coated'with a suitable flnxing material, as shown at 4.. One

of the metals is" then-cast into the compartment having the surfaceofone of its walls formed of fluxin'g'material, the partition. re-

- mo\"ed, and the remaining space filled with the-other metal.

I claim herein as my invention- As an improvement in the art of manufacturing compound ingots, the method herein described which consists incasting one of the metals against a mold-wall consisting in part atleast of a mixing material, then removing the mold-wall and casting theother metal on the [l uxed surface when the latter is ata weld- 4 ingtemperature, substantially as set forth.

In'testimony-whereof I have hereunto set my hand. l sytvssrss A.COSGRAVE Witnesses:

DAawIs S. VV'OLCOTT. G. I. I-Ionnsmr.

